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Anus

"The anus is the end of the large intestine, below the rectum, through which stool (solid waste) leaves the body. The anus is formed partly from the outer skin layers of the body and partly from the intestine. Two ring-like muscles, called sphincter muscles, open and close the anal opening to let stool pass out of the body. The anal canal, the part of the anus between the rectum and the anal opening, is about 1½ inches long.
The skin around the outside of the anus is called the perianal area. Tumors in this area are skin tumors, not anal cancer."

Constipation

Constipation (also known as costiveness or dyschezia) refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening. Constipation is usually caused by a disorder of bowel function rather than a structural problem. Common causes of constipation include:

1. Inadequate water intake
2. Inadequate fiber in the diet
3. A disruption of regular diet or routine; traveling
4. Inadequate activity or exercise or immobility
5. Eating large amounts of dairy products
6. Stress
7. Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, which is sometimes the result of pain from hemorrhoids
8. Overuse of laxatives (stool softeners) which, over time, weaken the bowel muscles.

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